浅析余压监控系统对消防安全的重要性

2022-02-22
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摘要 北京智芯传感科技有限公司成立于2018年9月,是一家致力于MEMS传感器研发、生产及销售的高新技术企业。

伴随着城市现代化进程步伐的提速,土地资源日益紧缺,高层建筑已逐渐成为城市发展中不可或缺的重要元素与亮丽风景,但同时高层建筑楼层高、人员多、功能繁杂等特点,由之而来的“并发症”也愈发凸显,近年来高层建筑火灾事故屡屡发生,消防安全问题已成为确保人们生命财产安全的重要课题与重大挑战。例如:

2015年7月11日因住宅楼电缆井老化自燃导致湖北紫荆嘉苑大火,毒气体蔓延的楼梯间最终导致7人死亡;

2017年12月1日因遗留火源引燃可燃物,天津市河西区君谊大厦1号楼泰禾“金尊府”项目发生一起重大火灾事故,造成10人死亡、5人受伤,直接经济损失约2516.6万元;

2020年1月1日因业主吸烟不慎引燃棉被造成重庆市渝北区加州花园A4栋从2楼到31楼起火燃烧,直接经济损失374.1万元,60多户业主财产损失巨大……


当高层建筑发生火灾时,消防部门需要第一时间进行喷水灭火和通风排烟。通过安装在消防管道关键部位的18luck.fyi,对消防栓和喷淋管道进行实时的压力监测、开水监测,流量监测,保证在火灾险情发生时,能够在最短的时间内取水用水;还有就是通过加压送风系统中的余压监控装置,保持疏散通道楼梯间和前室的余压值维持在标准范围,阻挡有害烟气进入的同时,确保防火门的正常开启,保证生命通道的畅通。

据国家消防部门统计,高层建筑发生火灾,造成人员伤亡的主要原因不是因为火,而是因为烟气。随着可燃物的燃烧产生大量的高温烟气,而高层的楼道内、楼梯、竖井等建筑物都容易产生“烟囱效应”,不仅会使逃生人员失去道路可视度,同时烟气中含有大量未完全燃烧的有毒、有害物质,通过人的呼吸道吸入体内,对人员的生命安全造成严重威胁。

针对火灾发生时有害烟气存在的巨大生命安全隐患,国家有关部门高度重视并出台多个相关政策加以规范指导,其中,伴随着2018年8月1日防排烟新规范(《防烟排烟系统技术标准》)的实施,余压监控系统设计几乎出现在了所有项目图纸之中,而这一系统正是对有害烟气的高效应对。一旦火灾发生,余压监控系统则可以快速启动,有效地通过送风系统将烟气的排散,使疏散人员、救灾人员不被烟气所困,为逃生者创造生存机会,进而减少人员伤亡。凭借卓越的应用效果,余压监控系统一度成为近两年智能消防领域的明星产品。

余压监控系统,也叫余压测控系统、压差测控系统、或智能余压监控系统,是高层建筑的正压送风系统中用于调节消防前室或楼梯间余压值的系统性监控装置,可以对疏散通道余压的工作状态进行24小时实时自动巡检,对处于非正常状态的余压给出报警提示。其工作原理是:当发生火灾时,烟感报警器会第一时间通知消防监控系统,监控系统根据报警数据打开相应楼层的送风口(系统启动),开启正压风机,同时启动压差测控系统;正压送风系统启动后,正压风机将会按照设计指定方向,将空气送入相应楼梯间、前室等位置,导致相应空间压力增大(加压);压差传感器通过内置气压采集孔及安装于顶部(或背部)气压采集管,检测楼梯间(高压区)与走道(低压区)之间的压力差(测压);当压差达到余压探测器设定的动作(泄压)范围(楼梯间50Pa,前室30Pa)时,压差测控通风阀控制箱开始泄压;当压差降至压差测控器设定的复位范围(楼梯间40Pa,前室25Pa)时,系统将关闭旁通阀,正压送风方向也将恢复正常送风方向对相应空间进行加压(复位加压)。


北京智芯传感科技有限公司自主研发的微差压传感器ZXP8系列是近年来国内为数不多的可以替代国外高端品牌压差传感器的产品之一,其核心是MEMS压力传感器和专用调理芯片,采用当前先进的压力传感器技术和高集成、低功耗、高精度的数字信号处理技术,提供完整的压力校准和温度补偿,具备高精度、高灵敏度、高信噪比、宽温差、高稳定性等技术特性,且已实现规模量产。

智芯传感的微差压传感器在余压监控系统中能与消防联动,对消防疏散应急逃生起到了积极的预防作用,在实际的工程案例中已投产使用,并受到了市场的好评,也得到了相关政府及国家消防部门的认可,提升了国内智能化安全消防水平,为创建更美好的智慧城市贡献了力量。

 

【关于智芯传感】

北京智芯传感科技有限公司成立于2018年9月,是一家致力于MEMS传感器研发、生产及销售的高新技术企业。公司以北京大学MEMS研发团队为技术依托,以京津冀国家技术创新中心成果转化机制为平台,拥有多项自主研发专利,技术力量雄厚,核心研发人员均具有研究生及以上学历,并具有多年MEMS相关领域从业经验。公司具备完整的生产能力,目前已拥有两条自主研发的自动化生产线,年产量超1000万只。2021年4月公司获得ISO9001认证,为产品品质提供进一步保证。


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