吸管比重计——密度是什么呢?

2016-02-09
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制作一个简单的比重计,你可以用它来比较不同溶液的密度。

 

工具和材料



塑料吸管或滴管(细管最好),一个杯子或烧杯,记号笔,剪刀,沙子,盐,水,胶带,有厘米的尺子,一个小纸条(你可以折叠成漏斗)。

 
部分材料没在上图中显示


准备步骤



切掉吸管的锥形头(切的地方空间需要大到可以倒沙子进去);

在吸管的管上用厘米标注好刻度;

用一个纸漏斗,把沙子倒入吸管,使其聚集到吸管的圆柱区域。


上面的照片显示了你的成品应该是什么样子

 

操作步骤和注意事项



将吸管圆柱头一侧朝下放在盛水的杯中。调整圆柱体力的沙量,使得吸管的中心位置浮在水面上。用一小片胶带封住吸管的开口。


注意水面与吸管杆的接触位置。用永久性记号笔在吸管上标出这个点,这是你的零基准点。


你刚刚完成了吸管比重计的制作!现在,是时候对其进行测试了。


做一个盐水溶液,然后将你的比重计放在里面。使用你的零基准点为参考,这一比重计的位置是变高了、还是变低了呢?当你多放一点或少放一点盐、改变溶液的浓度时,它又会有何变化?

 

这有什么科学原理呢?



液体比重计可以测量不同液体的相对密度。


当物体漂浮在液体中时,液体向上的浮力平衡了物体向下的重力(即它的重量)。根据阿基米德原理,浮力等于物体排开的液体的重量。而液体的重量与其体积和密度相关。


这意味着,当比重计被放置在液体中,它会下沉,直到它排出足够的液体来保持平衡。


你可能已经注意到,你的比重计在盐水溶液中漂浮得更高。这是因为在水中加入盐使得溶液的密度增大,所以只需要排开较少液体就能平衡比重计的重量了。


反之,如果液体的密度较小,则需要排出更多的液体来达到平衡,所以比重计将下沉更深。


通过使用水作为零基准点,则可以校准比重计,显示不同液体相比水的相对密度。尝试测试不同浓度的食盐水,甚至其他液体,如玉米糖浆、油或酒精等。

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